What makes supercomputers special? They have state-of-the-art processors, fast parallel file systems, specialized power & cooling infrastructure and complex software stack to run. But, a high-speed interconnect that tightly integrates thousands of nodes differentiate a supercomputer from a commodity cluster. Data movement within a node or across nodes is an important aspect for many scientific applications and hence low latency, high bandwidth interconnect technology is one of the key elements of the HPC systems.

Setting up such a system with tens of thousands of nodes and performance tuning is not an easy task. Especially during the early days of deployment and acceptance benchmarking where we often have to run various tests for weeks to identify issues, fix them and reach expected performance.… Read the rest

I was planning to write about CPU microarchitecture analysis for a long time. I started writing this post more than a year ago, just before the beginning of COVID-19. But with so many things happening around (and new parenting responsibilities 👧), this got delayed for quite a long time. Finally getting some weekend time to get this out!

Like previous blog posts, this also became longer and longer as I started writing details.… Read the rest

When optimizing parallel applications at scale, we often focus on computation-communication aspects and I/O often gets limited attention. With increasing performance gap between compute and I/O subsystems, improving I/O performance remains one of the major challenge. As filesystem is a shared resource, few jobs running on a system can significantly impact performance of other applications. In such scenario, even if we use profiling tool (see list here) to identify slow I/O routines, it's difficult to understand real cause. For example, there might be other applications dominating filesystem resulting in poor I/O performance.… Read the rest